Congenital anomalies: cleft lip and cleft palate
Congenital anomalies: cleft lip and cleft palate
What are cleft lip and cleft palate?
These birth defects occur when tissues of the lip and / or palate of the fetus do not grow at par and do not fuse properly during early pregnancy. Children with cleft palate, also known as cleft palate, often do not have enough tissue in the mouth, and tissue that have not been properly merged to form the roof of the mouth.
A cleft lip appears as a narrow opening or slit in the skin of the upper lip that extends upward to the base of the nose. A cleft palate is presented as an opening or fissure between the roof of the mouth and nasal cavity. In some children, cleft palate extends along the whole palate, while others have only partial cracks.
What are cleft lip and cleft palate?
These birth defects occur when tissues of the lip and / or palate of the fetus do not grow at par and do not fuse properly during early pregnancy. Children with cleft palate, also known as cleft palate, often do not have enough tissue in the mouth, and tissue that have not been properly merged to form the roof of the mouth.
A cleft lip appears as a narrow opening or slit in the skin of the upper lip that extends upward to the base of the nose. A cleft palate is presented as an opening or fissure between the roof of the mouth and nasal cavity. In some children, cleft palate extends along the whole palate, while others have only partial cracks.
These abnormalities can occur together or separately:
• Cleft lip without cleft palate
• Cleft palate without cleft lip
• Cleft Lip and Palate
Moreover, the crack may affect only one side of the mouth (unilateral) or both sides (bilateral).
Cleft lip occurs more in boys than in girls, whereas cleft palate occurs more often in girls than in boys.
Because these abnormalities are associated with specific visible symptoms, are easy to diagnose. It can be detected on prenatal ultrasound. In the event that can not be detected before birth the baby can be diagnosed immediately.
What is the cause of these anomalies?
Doctors do not know exactly why some babies born with cleft lip and / or palate, but believe it may be due to a combination of genetic (hereditary) and environmental (such as some drugs, diseases and consumption of alcohol or snuff during pregnancy).
The risk may be higher in those children whose brothers or fathers have such abnormalities or when there is a history of them in other family members. Both mother and father can pass on to offspring a gene or genes that cause these abnormalities.
Complications
Children with cleft lip or cleft palate tend to be more prone to colds, hearing loss and speech defects or pronunciation. Dental problems-such as lack or excess teeth, deformities, movement or poor tooth position, and caries-are also common in children with cleft palate.
Many children with cleft palate or lip are especially vulnerable to ear infections because their eustachian tubes do not drain fluid properly from the inner ear and throat. The fluid builds up, pressure increases inside the ear and creates a medium favorable to infection. For this reason, it is possible that children with cleft lip or cleft palate have to be surgically implanted a special drainage tubes in his ears when subjected to the first intervention of reconstructive surgery.
Eating well can be difficult in an infant with cleft lip or cleft lip can be difficult to suction during lactation, while the palate can cause the milk entering the nasal cavity. There are special teats and other devices to facilitate breastfeeding, if your child has any of these anomalies, probably at the hospital will provide information on how to use and where to purchase these devices before taking the baby home.
Some children with cleft palate or lip need to maintain a maxillofacial prosthetic palatal obturator called to feed themselves adequately.
If your baby is having problems with breastfeeding, maybe the doctor can make suggestions about the process devices to provide both you and baby.
Treatment
The good news is that there have been many medical advances in the treatment of cleft palate and lip. The reconstructive surgery can correct cleft palate and lip, and in severe cases, plastic surgery can correct specific aesthetic problems.
Children with cleft palate or lip that required several specialists working in teams to treat the condition. Treatment usually begins during the first months of baby
Cramp relief
Cramp relief
Massaging the abdomen bare hand clockwise.
Put diapers off his back and gently bend your legs exert a slight pressure on the tummy. This position helps eliminate gas.
Place the baby on a ball (beach type) or a big roll, so that the arms and legs are dangling, is a very relaxing, in this position we can hammock if you like.
Each maneuver should not be performed for these 5 to 7 minutes more, and can be repeated in three sessions daily.
Author: By Ms. Renee Ernst, physiotherapist.
Feeding 6 month old
Feeding 6 month old
From the eighth month they enter the white fish (monkfish, hake, flounder) three or four times a week (preferably at dinner). With the introduction of fish intake starts from fish oils are of great interest for a proper balance between saturated fat (animal) and poly-unsaturated (vegetable and marine).
The minimum amount of milk a day should be about a pint for every child. So if by introducing dinner, you notice that the milk supply is diminished, should implement any changes in your diet. For this you can remove the fruit pulp and manage a pudding or cereal with milk for dessert for dinner.
Between 10 and 12 months enter the egg for dinner alternating with fish. First will be hard boiled egg and one yolk, 2-3 weeks and can be given the whole egg. In the form of potatoes or peas tortilla starts at 12-15 months depending on baby
Feeding the mother during breastfeeding
Feeding the mother during lactation
1) Drinks stimulants such as coffee, tea, cola, chocolate and cocoa
2) Alcoholic Beverages: Wine, snacks, beer and spirits in general. The ingested alcohol passes into breast milk and may harm the child.
3) Vegetables such as cauliflower, cabbage, artichokes, asparagus, cucumbers and peppers as they can change the natural flavor of milk.
4) Drugs. The mother should not self-medicate, but only consume strictly remedies recommended by your doctor.
Author: By Monica Grimbaun – Nutritionist.
Allergies in Infants and Children
Allergies in Infants and Children
It is estimated that 10% of infants and children suffer from some allergic manifestations
At what age start?
They can occur at any age.
Do you have something to do with family history?
It is usually associated with a history of allergic conditions in the family. In general, the family history is loaded with history of allergy, early initiation of sawing off the demonstrations.
Baby: Lactose intolerance
What is lactose intolerance?
What is lactase?
Why does this disease?
How does the baby lactose intolerance?
What are the symptoms?
What is transient intolerance to lactose or functional deficiency of lactase?
What is lactose intolerance?
Lactose intolerance is a condition that occurs when the body can not produce adequate amounts of the enzyme called lactase. When lactase is insufficient, the body can not digest lactose and it passes into the large intestine without being digested completely. Thus, when it reaches the colon is fermented by bacteria that live there producing acid and liquid stools.
What is lactase?
Lactase is the enzyme produced in the small intestine that the body uses to digest lactose. Its function is to break the molecules of lactose to galactose and glucose. Lactose is the main sugar in milk and beef.
Why does this disease?
Lactase deficiency in the body can occur because of genetics or intestinal disorders. In the first case, the problem is solved leaving eat any food containing lactose. In the second case, regardless of lactose-containing foods will be temporary, until the disease is treated.
How does the baby lactose intolerance?
Lactose intolerance affects mainly the baby during the first year of life, a period where this is fed mainly with milk. Thus, the inability to digest lactose directly affect the baby in their food and, consequently, this will bring problems with their normal development, ie suffer disturbances to achieve adequate weight and height. A baby who does not tolerate lactose from birth is required to submit to a special diet for feeding.
What are the symptoms?
The symptoms of lactose intolerance vary according to the patient's age and level of such intolerance. The main symptoms include abdominal gas and flatulence, diarrhea, acid, floating stools, explosive defecation, vomiting, perianal redness, nausea, swelling and bloating and cramping.
What is transient intolerance to lactose or functional deficiency of lactase?
The transient lactose intolerance or lactase deficiency functional can occur in infants who are otherwise healthy but who have had bowel disease or treatment with antibiotics that they have been damaged digestive system. In these cases, the body does not have the capacity to produce enough enzyme to digest lactose for a few days or even months. Symptoms of intolerance are temporary and watery stools and excess gas is usually within the first weeks of baby's life. However, while the baby is gaining weight means that it is evolving positively and the problem will disappear only with the passage of time.
Baby: Safety Tips on baby foods
Do not add salt to your meals
Do not give honey to an infant under one year old
Do not make baby food from leftovers from the previous meal
Do not give raw eggs
Do not give foods difficult to eat
You can serve cold meals
Avoid giving canned foods or engrossed
Give water during meals
Do not reward or punish with food
Choose mineral water with low sodium
Vary the color diet
Do not keep the baby food out of the refrigerator
Do not add salt to your meals
There is enough natural sodium in food to keep a healthy baby. Please note that your kidneys are not mature enough to receive an overload of sodium (salt).
Do not give honey to a baby under one year old
Nor will sweeten the pacifier in honey or any other preparation. Honey can contain botulism spores that may harm the baby.
Do not make baby food from leftovers from the previous meal
May be contaminated with bacteria or have been felled by the cold chain handling to be able to perform. Use fresh or frozen foods. Kitchen every day to your baby.
Do not give raw eggs
Nor did poche des eggs or boiled and unpasteurized milk. Always make sure you have written on the packaging pasteurized. There are safe for babies because they can cause infections.
Do not give foods difficult to eat
Do not give your baby foods such as whole grain corn, nuts, popcorn and seeds, or coarse-textured foods like crackers or cereal with bran. These foods are difficult to eat for the baby and may cause choking. The Grape and round pieces of hot dogs are especially dangerous.
You can serve food cold
Most babies do not mind. If you want to heat the baby food, do it for a while before serving.
Avoid giving canned foods or engrossed
They have lots of sodium and are detrimental to the health of your baby.
Give them water during meals
It is essential for digestion.
Not what you reward or punish with food
Teach him that the food is not a reward or punishment, but is learning to take proper habits.
Choose mineral water with low sodium
Read labels carefully, making sure of this.
Vary the color diet
A fun food is better accepted is the more colorful.
Do not keep the baby food out of the refrigerator
Note that to break the cold chain begins to be proliferation of bacteria.
Baby: Tips for feeding from 6 to 8 months
The timing of meals
Distractions
The preparation of food
Condiments
Cleaning
Contact with food
Drinks
Breastfeeding
This is the first stage of feeding your baby, so it is very important to follow these recommendations so you can enjoy these new foods to the maximum. Have fun!
The times of meals
Try ordering schedule to always perform the same lunch hour.
Distractions
Do not be distracted by while eating fish or game, or leave them near your fingertips. Nor does he make faces or grimaces while tasting food as it will distract him.
The food preparation
Eat foods that season him at the time, thinks that the volume intake is low. Do not keep leftover foods for the next day
Condiments
Do not incorporate salt foods to your baby at this early stage, and recalls that by the time you can use as corn oil or seasoning mix, whole milk or whole spreadable cheese.
Cleaning
Put a shield in front of their clothes are not dirty (big bib or apron with sleeves).
The food contact
Let me touch and take your food with your hands if you wish. This helps their psychomotor development.
Drinks
You can give to drink sparkling mineral water or cooled boiled water after finishing the meal.
Breastfeeding
Replaces blowjob for the lunch for a meal.
More information about the placenta previa
Placenta previa is the implantation of the placenta in the lower part of the matrix.
There are different types:
- Total placenta previa: The placenta has evolved so low that the outlet cover.
- Partial placenta previa: The placenta is low, but does not fully cover the outlet.
- Marginal placenta previa: The lower edge reaches minimal contact with the outlet.
"Like most of the pathologies of pregnancy, we know exactly the cause, but have been observed more frequently in the following circumstances:
- Multiparity (mothers who have more children).
- Women with a history of repeated abortions.
- Pregnant with scars on the bottom of the uterus.
"Placenta previa is characterized by painless cause bleeding that usually occurs unexpectedly (in fact, is the most common cause of bleeding during the third quarter). The blood loss is almost always the mother, so that the fetus does not usually suffer, unless the state of the mother is so deterioradao by loss of blood that will secondarily affect the baby. In most cases the loss is reduced, the less initially, and given time to consult with your doctor.
"Many of placenta previa are in early pregnancy, but as it grows the womb, or slip away from the outlet and the problem disappears. Only those in the third trimester placentas remain low are considered preliminary.
"With the ultrasound studies performed during pregnancy can be diagnosed early, allowing the obstetrician to plan a strategy for delivery. If at the time of giving birth there is placenta previa, the birth will be by Caesarean section.
Baby: Baby appetite
What is a baby's appetite?
The baby's palate
Food Flavoring
The food and dessert
Assessment of food daily
From month 10 of the baby is very common to hear in clinics "do not eat the baby …". In general, those who raise these issues are the grandparents, uncles or caregiver to the baby while the mother works. The question they perform is "The baby does not eat, or do not eat much food that the caregiver you prepared?". To avoid problems we have to differentiate the appetite of the baby baby do not get what you want to eat.
What is a baby no appetite?
The baby appetite is one that does not want any food, there is no preparation that you like and only consume milk or slurry. Instead the infant or child who does not eat what they want adults, is one who eats everything but their just due.
In general, these situations are a common denominator on moms who work or are not home during times of food. It is in this situation as in the first place should help the mom so you can explain to the person who is in charge of the child, the appropriate amount that should be given and proper food combining. A baby is an adult and Despite important to eat a variety of foods you eat volumes are far from those of an older person. For this reason we must be patient and understand that, some days they eat more and eat less because they do not always have the same appetite.
Here are some tips to give babies better appetite can accept meals.
The baby's palate
Surely there are foods that your baby likes best and others rejected, so you should try giving small amounts of different foods, thereby avoiding mixtures unrecognizable to your palate. The baby must learn to enjoy your meal with a flavor preference , recognize that in this way, will add the amount of food eaten.
Food Flavoring
The flavoring is relevant to food may be better accepted. The appetite of a baby, much as the adult is encouraged from the smells, so it is important a good flavoring. Remember, it's just a baby and therefore should be soft but tasty flavors. You can use all the aromatic spices as bay leaf, thyme and nutmeg. You can also garnish with a little salt and oil (mixture or corn). The cheeses are a good choice to melt on vegetable purees or because they are a good food and generally like all babies.
The food and dessert
It is extremely important as the time between dinner and dessert. The right thing to let through about 10 or 15 minutes between them so you can change the flavor and taste what is being given.
Daily nutritional assessment
Go over what you ate each day and see that their intake is good. Perhaps made in installments eating several times a day and not necessarily in large volumes. Remember that mealtime is good to know if the baby did not eat or do not want to see what you eat. It's a baby and eat it as such.